cogitationis N F

• Nobody should be punished for his thoughts

* * *

călor, ōris, m. [caleo; cf. Varr. ap. Non. p. 46, 22], warmth, heat, glow.

Lit.

In gen. (very freq. in prose and poet.): neque mihi ulla obsistet amnis nec calor;

nec frigus metuo,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 19; so (opp. frigus) Lucr. 2, 517; 6, 371; Cic. N. D. [p. 272] 2, 39, 101; Verg. G. 2, 344; 4, 36; (opp. refrigeratio) Vitr. 1, 4:

calor ignis,

Lucr. 1, 425:

solis,

id. 5, 571; 6, 514:

fulminis,

id. 6, 234.—In plur., Cic. Off. 2, 4, 13; id. N. D. 2, 60, 151; Hor. C. 3, 24, 37 al.—

Esp.

Vital heat; so, vitalis, Lucr. 3, 129; Cic. N. D. 2, 10, 27:

ut omnia quae aluntur atque crescunt, contineant in se vim caloris, sine quā neque ali possent neque crescere,

id. ib. 2, 9, 23:

omnis et una Dilapsus calor,

Verg. A. 4, 705.—

Summer heat, the warmth of summer:

vitandi caloris causā Lanuvii tres horas acquieveram,

Cic. Att. 13, 34 init.; id. de Or. 1, 62, 265.—Hence also for summer (opp. ver and autumnus), Lucr. 1, 175; Col. 11, 2, 48:

mediis caloribus,

in the midst of summer, Liv. 2, 5, 3; so plur.:

ut tectis saepti frigora caloresque pellamus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 152.—

The glow of a hot wind (cf. Lucr. 6, 323:

vis venti commixta calore): dum ficus prima calorque, etc.,

the burning heat of the parching Sirocco, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 5:

calores austrini,

Verg. G. 2, 270 (cf.:

calidi Austri,

Ov. M. 7, 532).—

The heat of a fever, Tib. 4, 11, 2.—

Trop.

In gen., the heat of passion, fire, zeal, ardor, impetuosity, vehemence (so perh. not before the Aug. per.; esp. freq. in Quint.; cf.:

ardor, fervor): si calor ac spiritus tulit,

Quint. 10, 7, 13:

Polus juvenili calore inconsideratior,

id. 2, 15, 28:

calor cogitationis, qui scribendi morā refrixit,

id. 10, 3, 6; cf. id. 9, 4, 113:

calorem cogitationis exstinguere,

id. 8, praef. §

27: et impetus,

id. 10, 3, 17:

dicendi,

id. 11, 3, 130:

lenis caloris alieni derisus,

id. 6, 2, 15:

dicentis,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 11; 2, 19, 2:

pietatis,

id. Pan. 3, 1:

ambitionis calor abducit a tutis,

Sen. Ben. 2, 14, 5:

quod calore aliquo gerendum est, id. Ira, 3, 3, 5: cohortationis,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 2:

iracundiae,

Dig. 50, 17, 48:

Martius,

Stat. Achill. 2, 26; Luc. 2, 324 et saep.—

Esp., ardent love, the fire of love:

trahere calorem,

Ov. M. 11, 305; so id. H. 19, 173; Sil. 14, 223.—In plur. (cf. amores), Hor. C. 4, 9, 11; Ov. A. A. 1, 237.

Călŏr, ōris, m., a river in Samnium, now the Calore, Liv. 2, 14, 2; 25, 17, 1.

călor, ōris, m. [caleo; cf. Varr. ap. Non. p. 46, 22], warmth, heat, glow.

Lit.

In gen. (very freq. in prose and poet.): neque mihi ulla obsistet amnis nec calor;

nec frigus metuo,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 19; so (opp. frigus) Lucr. 2, 517; 6, 371; Cic. N. D. [p. 272] 2, 39, 101; Verg. G. 2, 344; 4, 36; (opp. refrigeratio) Vitr. 1, 4:

calor ignis,

Lucr. 1, 425:

solis,

id. 5, 571; 6, 514:

fulminis,

id. 6, 234.—In plur., Cic. Off. 2, 4, 13; id. N. D. 2, 60, 151; Hor. C. 3, 24, 37 al.—

Esp.

Vital heat; so, vitalis, Lucr. 3, 129; Cic. N. D. 2, 10, 27:

ut omnia quae aluntur atque crescunt, contineant in se vim caloris, sine quā neque ali possent neque crescere,

id. ib. 2, 9, 23:

omnis et una Dilapsus calor,

Verg. A. 4, 705.—

Summer heat, the warmth of summer:

vitandi caloris causā Lanuvii tres horas acquieveram,

Cic. Att. 13, 34 init.; id. de Or. 1, 62, 265.—Hence also for summer (opp. ver and autumnus), Lucr. 1, 175; Col. 11, 2, 48:

mediis caloribus,

in the midst of summer, Liv. 2, 5, 3; so plur.:

ut tectis saepti frigora caloresque pellamus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 152.—

The glow of a hot wind (cf. Lucr. 6, 323:

vis venti commixta calore): dum ficus prima calorque, etc.,

the burning heat of the parching Sirocco, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 5:

calores austrini,

Verg. G. 2, 270 (cf.:

calidi Austri,

Ov. M. 7, 532).—

The heat of a fever, Tib. 4, 11, 2.—

Trop.

In gen., the heat of passion, fire, zeal, ardor, impetuosity, vehemence (so perh. not before the Aug. per.; esp. freq. in Quint.; cf.:

ardor, fervor): si calor ac spiritus tulit,

Quint. 10, 7, 13:

Polus juvenili calore inconsideratior,

id. 2, 15, 28:

calor cogitationis, qui scribendi morā refrixit,

id. 10, 3, 6; cf. id. 9, 4, 113:

calorem cogitationis exstinguere,

id. 8, praef. §

27: et impetus,

id. 10, 3, 17:

dicendi,

id. 11, 3, 130:

lenis caloris alieni derisus,

id. 6, 2, 15:

dicentis,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 11; 2, 19, 2:

pietatis,

id. Pan. 3, 1:

ambitionis calor abducit a tutis,

Sen. Ben. 2, 14, 5:

quod calore aliquo gerendum est, id. Ira, 3, 3, 5: cohortationis,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 2:

iracundiae,

Dig. 50, 17, 48:

Martius,

Stat. Achill. 2, 26; Luc. 2, 324 et saep.—

Esp., ardent love, the fire of love:

trahere calorem,

Ov. M. 11, 305; so id. H. 19, 173; Sil. 14, 223.—In plur. (cf. amores), Hor. C. 4, 9, 11; Ov. A. A. 1, 237.

Călŏr, ōris, m., a river in Samnium, now the Calore, Liv. 2, 14, 2; 25, 17, 1.

cōgĭtātĭo, ōnis, f. [cogito, i. e. co-agito; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 43; Cic. Off. 1, 6, 19; Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 7 Müll.].

Abstr., a thinking, considering, deliberating; thought, reflection, meditation (in good prose, and very freq.).

Absol.:

cogitatio in se ipsā vertitur,

Cic. Off. 1, 44, 156:

cogitatione aliquid complecti,

Quint. 11, 2, 19:

subitam et fortuitam orationem commentatio et cogitatio facile vincit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150; cf. Quint. 10, 6, 1 sq.:

speciem dei percipere cogitatione, non sensu,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 105:

cogitatione aliquid comprehendere,

id. Tusc. 1, 22, 50; 4, 13, 29:

cogitatio enim quamvis regionem potest amplecti,

Auct. Her. 3, 19, 32:

acerrima et attentissima,

Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

tacita,

Quint. 5, 7, 2; cf. id. 6, 1, 44:

provisa et formata,

id. 10, 7, 8:

fortuita,

id. 10, 3, 29:

male cohaerentem,

id. 10, 6, 6:

simplices, magnas,

Tac. G. 22. —

With gen.:

timoris praeteriti,

Cic. Sest. 4, 11:

cum officii, tum etiam periculi mei,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 1; Curt. 7, 8, 4:

suscepti muneris,

Quint. 4, prooem. 7:

cogitationem habere argenti, amoenitatum, etc.,

Cic. Par. 1, 2, 10:

illius loci,

id. Att. 1, 11, 3:

rerum,

id. Fam. 5, 13, 5:

petendi consulatūs,

Vell. 2, 17, 2.—

With rel.:

quaeris ut suscipiam cogitationem, quidnam istis agendum putem,

Cic. Att. 14, 20, 4:

mihi... occurrit cogitatio, qualis animus in corpore sit, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 22, 51: cujus sit filius, Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 3.—

Meton.

Concr., a thought, opinion, judgment; a resolution, design. plan, project:

omnes meas curas cogitationesque in rem publicam conferebam,

Cic. Off. 2, 1, 2; cf. id. Lael. 9, 32; Liv. 35, 28, 7:

mandare litteris cogitationes suas,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 6:

versantur in animo meo multae et graves cogitationes, etc.,

id. Agr. 2, 2, 5; cf. Curt. 8, 3, 14:

tacitae,

Quint. 11, 2, 17; cf. id. 3, 8, 41:

posteriores enim cogitationes (ut aiunt) sapientiores solent esse,

Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5 (transl. of Hai deuterai pôs phrontides sophôterai):

ista cogitatio de triumpho,

id. Att. 7, 3, 2:

redit autem illa cogitatio, quosdam fore qui, etc.,

Quint. 1, 7, 33: de his rebus rogo vos, ut cogitationem suscipiatis, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, C, 1; cf. Cic. Att. 14, 20, 4:

cogitatione rerum novarum abstinere,

Tac. H. 1, 7; cf. id. ib. 1, 23; 2, 74; id. A. 15, 54:

vix a tam praecipiti cogitatione revocatus,

Suet. Calig. 48.—

In Cic. several times, thought as an intellectual power, the ability of thinking, power or faculty of thought, the reasoning power (cf.:

vim cogitationis habere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66):

(homo) solus particeps rationis et cogitationis,

id. Leg. 1, 7, 22; id. N. D. 3, 9, 21; 2, 7, 18; id. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134.

cĕlĕrĭtas, ātis, f. [celer], swiftness, quickness, speed, celerity (in good prose; syn.: velocitas, pernicitas;

opp. tarditas): velocitas corporis celeritas appellatur, quae eadem ingenii laus habetur, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 31:

celeritas et vis equorum,

id. Div. 2, 70, 144; cf.

equitum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48 fin.:

navis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

pedum,

id. Ac. 1, 5, 19:

in capiendis castris,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

veneni,

the quick effect, Cic. Cael. 24, 60:

incredibili celeritate de victoriā Caesaris fama perfertur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 53:

celeritati studere,

id. B. C. 3, 79:

Favonio Scipionis celeritas salutem attulit,

id. ib. 3, 36 fin.:

maximum bonum in celeritate putabat,

Sall. C. 43, 4:

celeritate uti,

to employ speed, Nep. Ages. 2, 2; 4, 4.—In plur. absol.: cavendum est ne in festinationibus suscipiamus nimias celeritates, Cic. Off. 1, 36, 131.—

Of intellectual and abstract objects:

animorum,

Cic. Sen. 21, 78: inge nii, v. supra; cf.:

calliditas et celeritas ingenii,

quickness of device, Nep. Eum. 1, 3:

cogitationis,

Quint. 10, 3, 19:

consilii,

Nep. Ages. 6, 2:

orationis,

Cic. Or. 16, 53; Quint. 11, 3, 111:

dicendi,

Cic. Fl. 20, 48:

syllabarum,

id. Or. 57, 191; Quint. 9, 4, 91; 9, 4, 88; 9, 4, 140; 11, 3, 107.

con-vīcĭum (less correctly, acc. to Brambach, convītĭum, but preferred by B. and K., and by recent editors of Plaut. and Ter.), ii, n. [most prob. kindr. with vox; cf. Dig. 47, 10, 15, § 4; Paul. ex Fest. p. 41, 20], a loud noise, a cry, clamor, outcry (class.).

In gen.:

ne clamorem hic facias neu convitium,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 33; cf.:

erant autem convivia non illo silentio... sed cum maximo clamore atque convitio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28:

facere,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 26 Ruhnk.:

cantorum,

Cic. Sest. 55, 118:

mulierum, id. Fragm. ap. Aquil. Rom. p. 144 (187 Frotsch.): humanae linguae,

Ov. M. 11, 601.—Of frogs (with clamor), Phaedr. 1, 6, 5; Col. 10, 12. —Of the cicadæ, Phaedr. 3, 16, 3.—

In partic.

The sound of wrangling, the cry of altercation or contention:

ubi et animus ex hoc forensi strepitu reficiatur et aures convitio defessae conquiescant,

Cic. Arch. 6, 12.—

An urgent, clamorous importunity:

epistulam hanc convitio efflagitarunt codicilli tui,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 11, 1; imitated by Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 1; cf. also id. ib. 4, 5, 10.—

A loud, violent disapprobation or contradiction:

omnium vestrum,

Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125:

senatūs,

id. Pis. 26, 63.— Most freq.,

Loud, violent reproaching, abuse, reviling, insult: maledictio nihil habet propositi praeter contumeliam: quae si petulantius jactatur, convitium; si facetius urbanitas nominatur, Cic. Cael. 3, 6: Pompeius apud populum... cum pro Milone diceret, clamore convitioque jactatus est. id. Fam. 1, 5, b, 1:

cum ei magnum convitium fieret cuncto a senatu,

id. ib. 10, 16, 1:

alicui convitium facere,

id. Att. 1, 14, 5 bis; Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 11; Cic. Off. 3, 21, 83; Liv. 3, 48, 1; Sen. Ep. 15, 8; id. Ben. 7, 25, 2; Quint. 4, 2, 27; 6, 2, 16 al.; Hor. S. 1, 5, 11; Ov. M. 6, 210 et saep.—

Of inanim. subjects:

aurium,

censure, reproof, correction, Cic. Or. 48, 160: tacitum cogitationis, in thought, Q. Cic. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 26, 1:

cave ne eosdem illos libellos... convicio scazontes extorqueant,

Plin. Ep. 5, 11, 2.—

Meton.

The object of reproach:

convitium tot me annos jam se pascere,

Plaut. Merc. prol. 55.—

Of mockingbirds:

nemorum convicia, picae,

Ov. M. 5, 676.

dē-rīvo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [rivus], to lead, turn, or draw off a liquid, from or to a place.

Prop.:

de fluvio aquam,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 12 sq.: aqua ex flumine derivata, * Caes. B. G. 7, 72, 3:

flumen,

Hirt. ib. 8, 40, 3; Liv. 5, 15, 12; 5, 16, 9:

derivata in domos flumina,

Sen. N. Q. 1 praef. 7; 4, 2, 8; cf.:

umorem in conliquias,

Col. 2, 8, 3.—

to disperse, distribute:

deriventur fontes tui foras,

Vulg. Prov. 5, 16.—

Trop.

In gen. (repeatedly in Cic.):

nihil in suam domum inde,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 25, 72:

alia ex his fontibus,

Quint. 2, 17, 40; cf.:

hoc fonte derivata clades,

Hor. Od. 3, 6, 19: derivare auimum curaque levare, to divert, * Lucr. 2, 365:

derivandi criminis causa,

Cic. Mil. 10 fin.:

iram alicujus in se,

Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 9:

culpam in aliquem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 20 fin.; cf. id. Att. 4, 3, 2:

culpam derivare in rem,

Quint. 7, 4, 14:

partem aliquam curae et cogitationis in Asiam,

Cic. Phil. 11, 9, 22:

exspectationem largitionis agrariae in agrum Campanum,

id. Att. 2, 16:

alio responsionem suam,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 53.—

Esp., in gramm., to derive, sc. one word from another (postAug. for ducere), Quint. 1, 6, 38; 8, 3, 31; Diom. p. 310 P. et saep.

frango, frēgi, fractum, 3, v. a. [root in Gr. FPAT, rhêgnumi, rhêgma, rhôgaleos; Goth. Brikkan; Irish brissim; Germ. brechen; Engl. break; but cf. Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 182, and v. the letter F], to break, break in pieces, dash to pieces, shiver, break in two (cf.: rumpo, diffringo).

Lit.: hastas frangit quatitque, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 435 ed. Vahl.); cf.: aes sonit, franguntur hastae, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 504, 33 (Trag. v. 213 ed. Vahl.): fraxinus frangitur atque abies consternitur alta, is broken, felled, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 195 ed. Vahl.):

simulacra,

Lucr. 6, 419:

milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo: ergo alter alterius ubicumque nactus est ova, frangit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

anulus aureus fractus et comminatus est,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56:

compluribus navibus fractis,

dashed to pieces, Caes. B. G. 4, 29, 3:

naves,

Hor. A. P. 20:

navem is fregit apud Andrum insulam,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 17; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 44, 57:

domus fracta conjectu lapidum,

Cic. Att. 4, 3, 2:

janua frangatur, latret canis,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 128:

patinam,

id. ib. 2, 8, 72:

lagenam,

id. ib. 81:

crystallina,

Mart. 14, 111:

aulas in caput,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21:

corpora ad saxum,

Verg. A. 3, 625:

vindices rerum capitalium laqueo gulam fregere,

broke his neck, strangled him, Sall. C. 55, 5:

cervices civium Romanorum in carcere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 147; id. Vatin. 11, 26:

senile guttur parentis impiā manu,

Hor. Epod. 3, 2:

cerebrum,

Verg. A. 5, 413:

brachium,

Cic. de Or. 2, 62, 253; cf.

coxam,

Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

crus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 59:

crura,

Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 27; Suet. Aug. 67; id. Tib. 44; Vulg. Johan. 19, 31:

cornu in arbore,

Ov. F. 5, 121:

non ego te, tigris ut aspera Gaetulusve leo, frangere persequor,

to tear in pieces, Hor. C. 1, 23, 10; cf.:

indomitos ut cum Massyla per arva Armenti reges magno leo fregit hiatu, etc.,

Stat. Th. 11, 28; Val. Fl. 2, 458; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 150:

nubes in montem actae non franguntur, sed circumfunduntur,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 28, 2.—

Transf., in gen., to break up small, to grind, bruise, crush (freq. since the Aug. per.):

glebam bidentibus,

Verg. G. 2, 400;

glebas,

id. ib. 3, 161:

fruges robore saxi,

Lucr. 1, 882:

farra saxo,

Val. Fl. 2, 448:

hordeum molis,

Plin. 18, 7, 14, § 72:

granum dentibus,

id. 18, 24, 54, § 196:

fabam,

id. 19, 3, 15, § 40:

glandem (sues),

Verg. G. 2, 72:

testes homini,

Plin. 11, 49, 110, § 263:

toros,

to press, throw one's self upon, Mart. 2, 59, 3; 4, 8, 6: comam in gradus, to twist, braid, Quint. 1, 6, 44:

mare montis ad ejus Radices frangit fluctus,

breaks, Lucr. 6, 695; cf.:

quam (fortunam) existimo levem et imbecillam ab animo firmo et gravi tamquam fluctum a saxo frangi oportere,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 6:

fluctus (scopulus),

Luc. 6, 266:

undam,

Ov. F. 4, 282:

aquas,

Quint. 9, 4, 7:

amnem nando,

Luc. 8, 374; cf. Sil. 3, 457; 8, 555:

iter,

i. e. turn off from it, Stat. Th. 12, 232.

Trop., to break down, subdue, weaken, diminish, violate; to soften, move, touch:

quem (Viriathum) C. Laelius praetor ita fregit et comminuit ferocitatemque ejus ita repressit, ut, etc.,

broke down, subdued, Cic. Off. 2, 11 fin.; cf.:

fractam illam et debilitatam vim suam, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

quem series immensa laborum fregerit,

Ov. H. 9, 6:

nationes frangere domareque,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 33:

proeliis calamitatibusque fracti,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 7:

victi sumus igitur, aut, si vinci dignitas non potest, fracti certe et abjecti,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

te ut ulla res frangat?

would break, shake thy resolution, id. Cat. 1, 9, 22; cf.:

frangi metu, cupiditate,

id. Off. 1, 20, 68:

fractus ac debilitatus metu,

id. de Or. 1, 26, 121:

flecti animo atque frangi,

id. Sull. 6, 18:

frangi animo,

id. Phil. 2, 15, 37:

dolore,

id. Fin. 2, 29, 95:

misericordiā,

id. Att. 7, 12, 3:

pudore,

id. Tusc. 2, 21, 48 et simil.; cf.

also: aliquem auctoritate,

id. ib. 1, 21 fin.:

aliquem patientiā,

id. Brut. 25, 95: quae (vis) summas frangit infirmatque opes, Poët. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 28:

debilitatur ac frangitur eloquentia,

Tac. Dial. 39:

mollis illa educatio, quam indulgentiam vocamus, nervos omnes et mentis et corporis frangit,

Quint. 1, 2, 6:

frangitur vox,

id. 11, 3, 20; cf. id. 12, 11, 2:

vox Auditur fractos sonitus imitata tubarum,

Verg. G. 4, 72:

et illa (littera), quae est sexta nostrarum (i. e. F) quoties aliquam consonantem frangit, ut in hoc ipso frangit, multo fit horridior,

i. e. weakens, Quint. 12, 10, 29 Spald. (v. the passage in its connection); cf. id. 1, 4, 11:

primum divisit ineleganter: duo enim genera quae erant, fecit tria: hoc est non dividere, sed frangere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 26; cf.:

frangas citius quam corrigas, quae in pravum induruerunt,

Quint. 1, 3, 12:

bellum proeliis frangere,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:

dignitatem,

id. Fam. 9, 16, 6:

hunc (pedum dolorem) abstinentiā, sanctitate vicit et fregit,

Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 5:

ut equorum cursum delicati minutis passibus frangunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 113:

animos frangi et debilitari molestiā,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2:

ingenium (mala),

Ov. Tr. 3, 14, 33:

sublimia pectora (Venus et vinum),

id. F. 1, 301:

ego unus contudi et fregi exsultantis praedonis audaciam,

Cic. Phil. 13, 13 fin.; cf. id. Fragm. ap. Non. 301, 8 (id. Rep. 3, 36 ed. Mos.):

furorem et petulantiam alicujus,

id. Pis. 14, 31:

libidines,

id. Leg. 3, 13, 31:

odium iramque (risus),

Quint. 6, 3, 9:

impetum cogitationis (membranae),

id. 10, 3, 31:

consilium alicujus,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 4; cf.:

sententiam alicujus,

id. ib. 1, 4, 1:

foedus,

id. Pis. 12, 28; id. Scaur. 42:

fidem,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 16:

jura pudicitiae,

Prop. 4 (5), 5, 28:

mandata,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 19:

fas,

Grat. Cyneg. 451:

morantem diem mero (= breviorem reddere),

to shorten, Hor. C. 2, 7, 6:

vina,

i. e. to weaken, dilute, Mart. 14, 103; Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 138:

cum frangerem jam ipse me cogeremque illa ferre toleranter,

Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 2:

nec animus tantis se laboribus frangeret, neque, etc.,

id. Arch. 11, 29:

ante quam calores aut frigora se fregerunt,

diminished, abated, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 18; cf.:

Scaevola paulum quiescet, dum se calor frangat,

Cic. de Or. 1, 62, 265:

fracti aestus et nondum orta frigora,

Cels. 7, 7, 4 fin.; cf.:

fluctus se frangit,

Sen. Med. 392:

glacies se frangit,

id. Q. N. 4, 5, 4.—Hence, fractus, a, um, P. a., weakened, weak, feeble, faint:

jamque adeo fracta est aetas effetaque tellus Vix animalia parva creat,

Lucr. 2, 1151:

quod me audis fractiorem esse animo,

i. e. more disheartened, less courageous, Cic. Att. 11, 12, 4; cf.:

spes amplificandae fortunae fractior,

id. Lael. 16, 59:

in compositione fractus,

powerless, feeble, Quint. 12, 10, 12; cf.:

quid est tam fractum, tam minutum, tam in ipsa concinnitate puerile?

Cic. Brut. 83, 287; and:

corruptum et omnibus vitiis fractum dicendi genus,

Quint. 10, 1, 125: corrupta oratio maxime comprehensione obscura, compositione fracta consistit, id. [p. 777] 8, 3, 57:

effeminata et fracta impudicis modis (musice),

id. 1, 10, 31.

mănĭfestus, old form mănŭfestus (v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, 867), a, um. adj. [manus and fendo; cf.: defendo, offendo, i. e. that one hits by the hand; hence], palpable, clear, plain, apparent, evident, manifest.

In gen. (class.):

manifesta res est,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 8:

Penates multo manifesti lumine,

Verg. A. 3, 151:

res ita notas, ita manifestas proferam, ut,

Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 48:

et apertae res,

id. Rosc. Am. 34, 95:

manifestus ex opere labor,

Quint. 10, 3, 8:

phrenesis,

Juv. 14, 136.—With inf.:

manifestus nosci,

Stat. Th. 10, 759.— Comp.:

manifestior fraus,

Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 123.— Sup.:

manifestissimum exemplum,

Plin. 37, 10, 60, 3 165.—In neutr. sing. with a subjectclause, it is manifest that:

manifestum est, ab exordio matutino latitudines scandi,

Plin. 2, 16, 13, § 69.— Neutr. plur. as subst.: mănĭfesta, orum, obvious facts, palpable things:

vera ac manifesta canere,

Juv. 2, 64.—

In partic., law t. t.

Of offences, exposed, brought to light, proved by direct evidence: manifestum furtum est quod deprehenditur dum fit, Masur. ap. Gell. 11, 18, 11:

atque deprehensum scelus,

Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 11:

peccatum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 191; Gai. Inst. 3, 183 sqq.; Paul. Sent. 2, 31, 2.—

Of offenders, convicted of a thing, caught or apprehended in, manifestly betraying any thing; constr. absol., with a gen. or inf. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic.).

Absol.:

nec magis manufestum ego hominem umquam ullum teneri vidi,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 29:

ut eos (sc. conjuratos) quam maxume manifestos habeant,

i. e. bring to light, expose, Sall. C. 41:

nocentes,

i. e. evidently guilty, Ov. Nux, 3.—

With gen.:

mendacii,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 30:

sceleris,

Sall. J. 35:

rerum capitalium,

id. C. 52, 36:

ambitionis,

Tac. A. 14, 29:

offensionis,

id. ib. 4, 53:

doloris,

Ov. F. 5, 313:

vitae,

giving manifest signs of life, Tac. A. 12, 51:

magnae cogitationis,

id. ib. 15, 54:

novarum virium,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 8.—

With inf.:

dissentire manifestus,

Tac. A. 2, 57.—Hence, adv., in two forms: mănĭfestō (class.) and mănĭ-festē (post-class.), palpably, clearly, openly, evidently, manifestly.—Form manifesto:

teneor manifesto miser,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 66:

alter alterum manifesto prehendunt,

id. Ps. 5, 1, 16; id. Most. 2, 2, 79:

ut tota res a vobis manifesto deprehenderetur,

Cic. Cat. 3, 2, 4:

compertum atque deprehensum facinus,

id. Clu. 14, 43:

cum manifesto venenum deprehendisset,

id. ib. 7, 20:

apparet,

Plin. 36, 22, 45, § 161; 9, 45, 69, § 148. —Form manifeste, Sulp. Sev. Chron. 2, 7, 5; Paul. Sent. 3, 6, 60; Dig. 50, 16, 243:

manifeste comperire,

App. M. 6, p. 180, 5.— Comp.:

manifestius ipsi apparere,

Verg. A. 8, 16; Tac. H. 4, 23; 1, 88.— Sup.:

ut omnibus manifestissime pateat,

App. Mag. p. 316, 26; so Dig. 33, 2, 32, § 6; Cod. Just. 4, 18, 2, § 1.

mănĭfestus, old form mănŭfestus (v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, 867), a, um. adj. [manus and fendo; cf.: defendo, offendo, i. e. that one hits by the hand; hence], palpable, clear, plain, apparent, evident, manifest.

In gen. (class.):

manifesta res est,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 8:

Penates multo manifesti lumine,

Verg. A. 3, 151:

res ita notas, ita manifestas proferam, ut,

Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 48:

et apertae res,

id. Rosc. Am. 34, 95:

manifestus ex opere labor,

Quint. 10, 3, 8:

phrenesis,

Juv. 14, 136.—With inf.:

manifestus nosci,

Stat. Th. 10, 759.— Comp.:

manifestior fraus,

Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 123.— Sup.:

manifestissimum exemplum,

Plin. 37, 10, 60, 3 165.—In neutr. sing. with a subjectclause, it is manifest that:

manifestum est, ab exordio matutino latitudines scandi,

Plin. 2, 16, 13, § 69.— Neutr. plur. as subst.: mănĭfesta, orum, obvious facts, palpable things:

vera ac manifesta canere,

Juv. 2, 64.—

In partic., law t. t.

Of offences, exposed, brought to light, proved by direct evidence: manifestum furtum est quod deprehenditur dum fit, Masur. ap. Gell. 11, 18, 11:

atque deprehensum scelus,

Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 11:

peccatum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 191; Gai. Inst. 3, 183 sqq.; Paul. Sent. 2, 31, 2.—

Of offenders, convicted of a thing, caught or apprehended in, manifestly betraying any thing; constr. absol., with a gen. or inf. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic.).

Absol.:

nec magis manufestum ego hominem umquam ullum teneri vidi,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 29:

ut eos (sc. conjuratos) quam maxume manifestos habeant,

i. e. bring to light, expose, Sall. C. 41:

nocentes,

i. e. evidently guilty, Ov. Nux, 3.—

With gen.:

mendacii,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 30:

sceleris,

Sall. J. 35:

rerum capitalium,

id. C. 52, 36:

ambitionis,

Tac. A. 14, 29:

offensionis,

id. ib. 4, 53:

doloris,

Ov. F. 5, 313:

vitae,

giving manifest signs of life, Tac. A. 12, 51:

magnae cogitationis,

id. ib. 15, 54:

novarum virium,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 8.—

With inf.:

dissentire manifestus,

Tac. A. 2, 57.—Hence, adv., in two forms: mănĭfestō (class.) and mănĭ-festē (post-class.), palpably, clearly, openly, evidently, manifestly.—Form manifesto:

teneor manifesto miser,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 66:

alter alterum manifesto prehendunt,

id. Ps. 5, 1, 16; id. Most. 2, 2, 79:

ut tota res a vobis manifesto deprehenderetur,

Cic. Cat. 3, 2, 4:

compertum atque deprehensum facinus,

id. Clu. 14, 43:

cum manifesto venenum deprehendisset,

id. ib. 7, 20:

apparet,

Plin. 36, 22, 45, § 161; 9, 45, 69, § 148. —Form manifeste, Sulp. Sev. Chron. 2, 7, 5; Paul. Sent. 3, 6, 60; Dig. 50, 16, 243:

manifeste comperire,

App. M. 6, p. 180, 5.— Comp.:

manifestius ipsi apparere,

Verg. A. 8, 16; Tac. H. 4, 23; 1, 88.— Sup.:

ut omnibus manifestissime pateat,

App. Mag. p. 316, 26; so Dig. 33, 2, 32, § 6; Cod. Just. 4, 18, 2, § 1.

mănĭfestus, old form mănŭfestus (v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, 867), a, um. adj. [manus and fendo; cf.: defendo, offendo, i. e. that one hits by the hand; hence], palpable, clear, plain, apparent, evident, manifest.

In gen. (class.):

manifesta res est,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 8:

Penates multo manifesti lumine,

Verg. A. 3, 151:

res ita notas, ita manifestas proferam, ut,

Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 48:

et apertae res,

id. Rosc. Am. 34, 95:

manifestus ex opere labor,

Quint. 10, 3, 8:

phrenesis,

Juv. 14, 136.—With inf.:

manifestus nosci,

Stat. Th. 10, 759.— Comp.:

manifestior fraus,

Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 123.— Sup.:

manifestissimum exemplum,

Plin. 37, 10, 60, 3 165.—In neutr. sing. with a subjectclause, it is manifest that:

manifestum est, ab exordio matutino latitudines scandi,

Plin. 2, 16, 13, § 69.— Neutr. plur. as subst.: mănĭfesta, orum, obvious facts, palpable things:

vera ac manifesta canere,

Juv. 2, 64.—

In partic., law t. t.

Of offences, exposed, brought to light, proved by direct evidence: manifestum furtum est quod deprehenditur dum fit, Masur. ap. Gell. 11, 18, 11:

atque deprehensum scelus,

Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 11:

peccatum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 191; Gai. Inst. 3, 183 sqq.; Paul. Sent. 2, 31, 2.—

Of offenders, convicted of a thing, caught or apprehended in, manifestly betraying any thing; constr. absol., with a gen. or inf. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic.).

Absol.:

nec magis manufestum ego hominem umquam ullum teneri vidi,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 29:

ut eos (sc. conjuratos) quam maxume manifestos habeant,

i. e. bring to light, expose, Sall. C. 41:

nocentes,

i. e. evidently guilty, Ov. Nux, 3.—

With gen.:

mendacii,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 30:

sceleris,

Sall. J. 35:

rerum capitalium,

id. C. 52, 36:

ambitionis,

Tac. A. 14, 29:

offensionis,

id. ib. 4, 53:

doloris,

Ov. F. 5, 313:

vitae,

giving manifest signs of life, Tac. A. 12, 51:

magnae cogitationis,

id. ib. 15, 54:

novarum virium,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 8.—

With inf.:

dissentire manifestus,

Tac. A. 2, 57.—Hence, adv., in two forms: mănĭfestō (class.) and mănĭ-festē (post-class.), palpably, clearly, openly, evidently, manifestly.—Form manifesto:

teneor manifesto miser,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 66:

alter alterum manifesto prehendunt,

id. Ps. 5, 1, 16; id. Most. 2, 2, 79:

ut tota res a vobis manifesto deprehenderetur,

Cic. Cat. 3, 2, 4:

compertum atque deprehensum facinus,

id. Clu. 14, 43:

cum manifesto venenum deprehendisset,

id. ib. 7, 20:

apparet,

Plin. 36, 22, 45, § 161; 9, 45, 69, § 148. —Form manifeste, Sulp. Sev. Chron. 2, 7, 5; Paul. Sent. 3, 6, 60; Dig. 50, 16, 243:

manifeste comperire,

App. M. 6, p. 180, 5.— Comp.:

manifestius ipsi apparere,

Verg. A. 8, 16; Tac. H. 4, 23; 1, 88.— Sup.:

ut omnibus manifestissime pateat,

App. Mag. p. 316, 26; so Dig. 33, 2, 32, § 6; Cod. Just. 4, 18, 2, § 1.

mōtus, a, um, Part. and P. a., v. moveo fin. B.

mōtus, ūs, m. [moveo], a moving, motion (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

orbes, qui versantur contrario motu,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

deus motum dedit caelo,

id. Univ. 6:

natura omnia ciens et agitans motibus et mutationibus suis,

id. N. D. 3, 11, 27:

motus astrorum ignoro,

Juv. 3, 42.— Poet.:

futuri,

departure, Verg. A. 4, 297:

sub Aurorae primos excedere motus,

Luc. 4, 734:

crebri terrae,

i. e. earthquakes, Curt. 4, 4, 20; 8, 11, 2.—

In partic., artistic movement, gesticulation, dancing:

haud indecoros motus more Tusco dabant,

gesticulated, Liv. 7, 2:

Ionici,

dances, Hor. C. 3, 6, 21:

Cereri dare motūs,

to perform dances, dance, Verg. G 1, 350:

palaestrici,

the motions of wrestlers, Cic. Off. 1, 36, 130. —Of the gestures of an orator, Cic. Brut. 30, 116.—Of military movements, evolutions:

ut ad motūs concursūsque essent leviores,

Nep. Iph. 1, 4.—

Transf., a stage in the growth of a plant:

tres esse motūs in vite, seu potius in surculo, naturales: unum quo germinet: alterum quo floreat: tertium quo maturescat,

Col. 4, 28, 2.—

Trop.

In gen., of the mind or heart, a movement, operation, impulse, emotion, affection, passion, agitation, disturbance (syn.:

affectus, perturbatio): cum semper agitetur animus, nec principium motus habeat,

Cic. Sen. 21, 78:

motūs animorum duplices sunt, alteri cogitationis, alteri appetitūs,

id. Off. 1, 36, 130:

motūs animi nimii, i. e. perturbationes,

id. ib. 1, 38, 136:

mentis meae,

id. Att. 3, 8, 4:

animi motus et virtutis gloriam esse sempiternam,

id. Sest. 68, 143:

tres quae dulcem motum afferunt sensibus,

sensation, id. Fin. 2, 3, 10: Manto, divino concita motu, impulse, inspiration, Ov. M. 6, 158.—

In partic.

A political movement, sudden rising, tumult, commotion.

In a good sense: Italiae magnificentissimus ille motus, Cic. pro Dom. 56, 142.—

Rebellion, sedition:

omnes Catilinae motūs conatūsque prohibere,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 26:

motum afferre rei publicae,

id. ib. 2, 2, 4:

populi,

id. de Or. 2, 48, 199:

servilis,

a rising of the slaves, insurrection, Liv. 39, 29:

motum in re publicā non tantum impendere video, quantum tu aut vides, aut ad me consolandum affers,

a change, alteration, Cic. Att. 3, 8, 3.—

In rhet., a trope (= immutatio verborum, Cic.), Quint. 9, 1, 2; cf. id. 8, 5, 35.—

A motive (post-Aug.):

audisti consilii mei motūs,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 9.

prōdĭtĭo, ōnis, f. [prodo].

A discovering, betraying; a discovery, betrayal, treason, treachery (class.):

multorum in nos perfidiam, insidias, proditionem notabis,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 4:

amicitiarum proditiones,

id. Ac. 2, 9, 27:

arcanorum,

Plin. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

id nefas proditione discussum est,

Flor. 3, 18, 9:

timor est proditio cogitationis auxiliorum,

Vulg. Sap. 17, 11. —

A putting off, deferring; the right of deferring (ante-class.), Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prodidisse, p. 242 Müll.

prōdĭtĭo, ōnis, f. [prodeo], a going or coming forth, an appearance (post-class.), Sid. Ep. 5, 13.—

Esp., a sally by a besieged garrison:

tempestiva,

Amm. 15, 5, 33.

rătĭo, onis (abl. rationi, Lucr. 6, 66), f. [reor, ratus], a reckoning, account, calculation, computation.

Lit.

Sing.: Les. Nequaquam argenti ratio conparet tamen. Sta. Ratio quidem hercle adparet: argentum oichetai, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 15 sq.:

rationem putare... bene ratio accepti atque expensi inter nos convenit,

id. Most. 1, 3, 141; 146; cf.: ad calculos vocare amicitiam, ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum, Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

itur, putatur ratio cum argentario... Ubi disputata est ratio cum argentario,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 53 sq.:

dextera digitis rationem computat,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 49:

magna ratio C. Verruci,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 188:

direptio ejus pecuniae, cujus ratio in aede Opis confecta est,

id. Phil. 5, 6, 16; cf.:

quibus in tabulis nominatim, ratio confecta erat, qui numerus domo exisset, etc.,... Quarum omnium rerum summa erat, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 29: auri ratio constat: aurum in aerario est, the account agrees, i. e. is correct, Cic. Fl. 28, 69 (v. consto):

decumo post mense, ut rationem te dictare intellego,

to make the reckoning, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 38 (al. ductare):

rationem ducere,

to make a computation, to compute, calculate, reckon, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129; so, rationem habere, to take an account, make a computation:

omnium proeliorum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 53; cf.:

hujus omnis pecuniae conjunctim ratio habetur,

id. B. G. 6, 19; and:

piratarum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 71:

rationem inire,

to cast up, reckon, calculate, Caes. B. G. 7, 71, 4:

quattuor minae periere, ut ratio redditur,

Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 23; cf.:

tibi ego rationem reddam?

id. Aul. 1, 1, 6; id. Trin. 2, 4, 114:

rationem referre,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 98:

rationem repetere de pecuniis repetundis,

id. Clu. 37, 104: Py. Quanta istaec hominum summa est? Ar. Septem millia. Py. Tantum esse oportet:

recte rationem tenes,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 47 et saep.:

drachumae, quas de ratione debuisti,

according to the account, id. Trin. 2, 4, 24:

grandem (pecuniam) quemadmodum in rationem inducerent, non videbant,

how they should bring it into their accounts, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 106.—

Plur.: rationes putare argentariam, frumentariam, pabuli causa quae parata sunt;

rationem vinariam, oleariam, quid venierit, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 2, 5:

rationes ad aerarium continuo detuli... quas rationes si cognoris, intelleges, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 25, 61:

ut rationes cum publicanis putarent,

id. Att. 4, 11, 1:

rationes a colono accepit,

id. Caecin. 32, 94:

quid opus est? inquam. Rationes conferatis. Assidunt, subducunt, ad nummum convenit,

id. Att. 5, 21, 12:

rationes referre... rationes deferre,

id. Fam. 5, 20, 2:

Romani pueri longis rationibus assem Discunt in partes centum diducere,

Hor. A. P. 325 et saep.:

A RATIONIBVS,

an accountant, Inscr. Orell. 1494; 2973; 2986; 4173 et saep. (cf. ab).—

Transf.

A list, roll, register (rare):

cedo rationem carceris, quae diligentissime conficitur, quo quisque die datus in custodiam, quo mortuus, quo necatus sit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 147:

rationes imperii, ab Augusto proponi solitas, sed a Tiberio intermissas, publicavit (sc. Caligula),

Suet. Calig. 16 ( = breviarium) totius imperii, id. Aug. 101 fin.:

rationarium imperii,

id. ib. 28.—

A sum, number (rare), Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 11:

nunc lenonum et scortorum plus est fere Quam olim muscarum est. Ea nimia est ratio,

id. Truc. 1, 1, 49:

pro ratione pecuniae liberalius est Brutus tractatus quam Pompeius,

Cic. Att. 6, 3, 5; cf. II. B. 1. c. infra.—

A business matter, transaction, business; also, a matter, affair, in gen. (a favorite word of Cicero):

res rationesque eri Ballionis curo,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 31:

res rationesque vestrorum omnium,

id. Am. prol. 4:

re ac ratione cum aliquo conjunctus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172:

de tota illa ratione atque re Gallicana inter se multa communicare,

id. Quint. 4, 15:

cum (Druides) in reliquis fere rebus, publicis privatisque rationibus, Graecis utantur litteris,

Caes. B. G. 6, 14 (metaphrast. pragmasi):

ratio nummaria,

Cic. Att. 10, 11, 2:

aeraria ratio,

id. Quint. 4, 15:

ratio domestica... bellica,

id. Off. 1, 22, 76:

quod ad popularem rationem attinet,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 4:

rationes familiares componere,

Tac. A. 6, 16 fin.:

fori judiciique rationem Messala suscepit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149; cf.:

in explicandis rationibus rerum civilium,

id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

rationes civitatis,

id. ib. 1, 6, 11:

quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum... nihil fallacius ratione tota comitiorum,

id. Mur. 17, 35:

propter rationem Gallici belli,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19; so id. ib. 8, 14, 35:

ad omnem rationem humanitatis,

id. Mur. 31, 66: in hac ratione quid res, quid causa, quid tempus ferat, tu facillime perspicies, id. Fam. 1, 7, 6 fin.:

ad eam rationem existimabam satis aptam naturam meam,

id. Att. 9, 11, A, 1.—

Pregn.: meae (tuae, etc.) rationes, my ( thy, etc.) interest, my ( thy, etc.) advantage (cf. in Engl. to find one's account in any thing):

me ad ejus rationes adjungo, quem tu in meis rationibus tibi esse adjungendum putasti,

Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 2; cf.:

exemplum meis alienissimum rationibus,

id. Corn. Fragm. 1, 7 B. and K.:

consideres, quid tuae rationes postulent,

Sall. C. 44, 5: servitia repudiabat... alienum suis rationibus existimans videri causam civium cum servis fugitivis communicasse, inconsistent with his policy or interests, id. ib. 56, 5:

si meas rationes unquam vestrae saluti anteposuissem,

Cic. Red. ad Quir. 1, 1.

Trop., a reckoning, account, computation:

postquam hanc rationem cordi ventrique edidi,

presented this reckoning, Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 12:

itidem hic ut Acheronti ratio accepti scribitur,

i.e. things are taken only, nothing is given back, id. Truc. 4, 2, 36:

nomen (comoediae) jam habetis, nunc rationes ceteras Accipite,

an account of the rest, id. Poen. prol. 55; cf.:

census quom sum, juratori recte rationem dedi,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 30; so,

rationem dare, for the more usual rationem reddere,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 86 Mull.; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92 Zumpt:

(argentarii) ratione utuntur,

make a reckoning, settle up, Plaut. Cas. prol. 27:

cum eam mecum rationem puto,

go into that calculation, think over the matter, id. ib. 3, 2, 25; cf.:

frustra egomet mecum has rationes puto,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 54:

(Medea et Atreus) inita subductaque ratione nefaria scelera meditantes,

Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 71:

quod posteaquam iste cognovit hanc rationem habere coepit,

to make the following calculation, reflection, id. Verr. 2, 5, 39, § 101; cf.: totius rei consilium his rationibus explicavit, ut si, etc.,... si, etc.,... sin, etc., drew the plan of the whole undertaking according to the following calculation, that if, etc., Caes. B. C. 3, 78;

and herewith cf.: rationem consilii mei accipite,

id. ib. 3, 86:

ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me convenias, etc.,

that you may calculate, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 6:

semper ita vivamus, ut rationem reddendam nobis arbitremur,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 28; cf.:

nihil est, quod minus ferendum sit, quam rationem ab altero vitae reposcere eum, qui non possit suae reddere,

id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 28;

and with this cf.: si gravius quid acciderit, abs te rationem reposcent,

will call you to account, Caes. B. G. 5, 30: clarorum virorum atque magnorum non minus otii, quam negotii rationem exstare oportere, an account must be capable of being given, Cato ap. Cic. Planc. 27, 66:

tam otii quam negotii rationem reddere majores censuisse,

Col. 11 fin.: eam condicionem esse imperandi, ut non aliter ratio constet, quam si uni reddatur, that the account is not correct unless, etc., Tac. A. 1, 6 fin.:

mirum est quam singulis diebus in urbe ratio aut constet aut constare videatur,

Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 1; 1, 5, 16 et saep.; cf. Just. praef. 5.—

Transf.

Relation, reference, respect to a thing:

(agricolae) habent rationem cum terra, quae nunquam recusat imperium,

have an account, have to do, have dealings with the earth, Cic. Sen. 15, 51; cf.:

ubi ratio cum Orco habetur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 3;

for which: ubi sit cum Orco ratio ponenda,

Col. 1, 3, 2:

cum omnibus Musis rationem habere cogito,

Cic. Att. 2, 5, 2:

cum hac (muliere) aliquid adulescentem hominem habuisse rationis,

id. Cael. 20, 50; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190. omnes, quibuscum ratio huic aut est aut fuit, assunt, defendunt, id. Quint. 23, 75; cf.

. quae ratio tibi cum eo intercesserat?

id. Rosc. Com. 14, 41:

pacis vero quae potest esse cum eo ratio, in quo est incredibilis crudelitas, fides nulla?

id. Phil. 4, 6, 14:

quod si habenda cum M. Antonii latrocinio pacis ratio fuit, etc.,

id. ib. 12, 7, 17:

fontes ad nostrorum annalium rationem veteres, ad ipsorum sane recentes,

in respect to our annals, id. Brut. 13, 49.—

Pregn., a respect, regard, concern, consideration, care for a thing (usu. in the connection habere and ducere alicujus rei rationem): ad hanc rationem quoniam maximam vim natura habet, fortuna proximam: utriusque omnino habenda ratio est in deligendo genere vitae, Cic. Off. 1, 33, 120:

quorum (civium Romanorum) nobis pro vestra sapientia, Quirites, habenda est ratio diligenter,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17:

(deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,

id. Leg. 2, 7, 15:

cujus absentis rationem haberi proximis comitiis populus jussisset,

Caes. B. C. 1, 9; so,

absentis,

id. ib. 1, 32; 3, 82 fin.:

sauciorum et aegrorum habita ratione,

id. ib. 3, 75:

moneret, frumenti rationem esse habendam,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 34;

so (al. frumentandi), rationem habere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 75 Oud.; cf. id. ib. 7, 71:

alicujus vel dignitatis vel commodi rationem non habere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17: ut summae rei publicae rationem habeamus, Pompeius ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, c, 3:

alicujus salutis rationem habere,

i. e. to regard, care for, be concerned about, Caes. B. G. 7, 71; so id. B. C. 1, 20:

turpissimae fugae rationem habere,

id. ib. 2, 31:

ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sui solum sed etiam aliorum, sic, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139:

proinde habeat rationem posteritatis et periculi sui,

Caes. B. C. 1, 13:

habere nunc se rationem officii pro beneficiis Caesaris,

id. B. G. 5, 27:

non ullius rationem sui commodi ducit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:

cum hujusce periculi tum ceterorum quoque officiorum et amicitiarum ratio,

id. Clu. 42, 117:

omnis hac in re habenda ratio et diligentia est, ut, etc.,

id. Lael. 24, 89; cf.:

didici ex tuis litteris, te omnibus in rebus habuisse rationem, ut mihi consuleres,

id. Fam. 3, 5, 1:

habeo rationem, quid a populo Romano acceperim,

bring into consideration, consider, id. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 36:

ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me salva lege Cornelia convenias, ego veni, etc.,

id. Fam. 3, 6, 6:

neque illud rationis habuisti, eam provinciam ad summam stultitiam nequitiamque venisse,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 38; cf.:

hoc rationis habebant, facere eos nullo modo posse, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 2, 29, e70.—

Relation to a thing, i. e.

Subject., course, conduct, procedure, mode, manner, method, fashion, plan, etc. (cf. consilium):

nunc sic rationem incipissam, hanc instituam astutiam, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 82; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 175 sqq.:

ubi cenas hodic, si hanc rationem instituis?

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 26; id. Truc. 1, 1, 3:

tua ratio est, ut secundum binos ludos mihi respondere incipias: mea, ut ante primos ludos comperendinem. Ita fiet, ut tua ista ratio existimetur astuta, meum hoc consilium necessarium,

Cic. Verr. 1, 11, 34; cf.:

ratio viaque defensionis,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 4:

itaque in praesentia Pompeii insequendi rationem omittit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 30:

mea autem ratio in dicendo haec esse solet, ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 292:

haec in philosophia ratio contra omnia disserendi,

id. N. D. 1, 5, 11:

dicendi,

id. Or. 32, 114; id. de Or. 3, 15, 56; cf.:

aliquot ante annis inita ratio est, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 36, 61:

ut, quo primum occurreretur, vix ratio iniri possit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 24:

quia reponendarum (tegularum) nemo artifex inire rationem potuerit,

Liv. 42, 3 fin. —In plur.:

hoc aditu laudis non mea me voluntas sed meae vitae rationes ab ineunte aetate susceptae prohibuerunt,

plan of life, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

de rationibus rerum publicarum aut constituendarum aut tuendarum,

id. Rep. 1, 6, 11.—

Object., relation, condition, nature, kind, sort, fashion, way, etc. (cf. modus):

sed ratio ordoque agminis aliter se habebat ac Belgae ad Nervios detulerant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 19; cf.:

ut rei militaris ratio atque ordo postulabat,

id. ib. 2, 22; so,

rei militaris,

id. ib. 4, 23:

ratio atque usus belli,

the art and practice of war, id. ib. 4, 1; id. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 2, 18; 3, 17 et saep. al.; cf.:

novae rationes bellandi,

id. ib. 3, 50:

ratio equestris proelii,

id. B. G. 5, 16:

quorum operum haec erat ratio, etc.,

id. B. C. 1, 25; cf.: rationem pontis hanc instituit;

tigna bina, etc.,

id. B. G. 4, 17:

serpit per omnium vitas amicitia, nec ullam aetatis degendae rationem patitur esse expertem sui,

Cic. Lael. 23, 87; cf.:

ita ratio comparata est vitae naturaeque nostrae, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 27, 101; id. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

civitas (Platonis) non quae possit esse, sed in qua ratio rerum civilium perspici posset,

id. Rep. 2, 30, 52 init.; cf.:

reliqui disseruerunt de generibus et de rationibus civitatum,

id. ib. 2, 11, 22;

1, 8, 13: quam creberrimis litteris faciam ut tibi nota sit omnis ratio dierum atque itinerum meorum,

id. Fam. 3, 5, 4: quoniam eadem est ratio juris in utroque, id. Rep. 3, 12, 21; cf.:

haec eadem ratio est in summa totius Galliae,

Caes. B. G. 6, 11 fin.:

ab nostris eadem ratione, qua pridie, resistitur,

id. ib. 5, 40; id. B. C. 3, 100; cf. id. ib. 3, 101:

docet, longe alia ratione esse bellum gerendum atque antea sit gestum,

id. B. G. 7, 14:

hoc si Romae fieri posset, certe aliqua ratione expugnasset iste,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, ee130:

quid refert, qua me ratione cogatis?

id. Lael. 8, 26:

quod fuit illis conandum atque omni ratione efficiendum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 65 fin.; 1, 67 fin.:

simili ratione Pompeius in suis castris consedit,

id. ib. 3, 76:

auxilium ferri nulla ratione poterat,

id. ib. 1, 70:

nec quibus rationibus superare possent, sed quem ad modum uti victoria deberent, cogitabant,

id. ib. 3, 83 fin.; 3, 58; 3, 18 fin. et saep.—

With gen. of a subst. in circumlocution for the subst. itself (v. Zumpt, Gram. §

678): vereor ne oratio mea aliena ab judiciorum ratione esse videatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, ee109:

multa autem propter rationem brevitatis praetermittenda,

id. ib. 2, 1, 40, ee

103: quantas perturbationes et quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum?

id. Mur. 17, 35:

nihil fallacius ratione tota comitiorum,

id. ib. 17, 36:

praedicere tempestatum rationem et praedonum,

id. ib. 2, 4:

tota ratio talium largitionum genere vitiosa est,

id. Off. 2, 17, 60.—

Pregn., that faculty of the mind which forms the basis of computation and calculation, and hence of mental action in general, i. e. judgment, understanding, reason: duplex est vis animorum atque natura: una pars in appetitu posita est, quae est hormê Graece, quae hominem huc et illuc rapit;

altera in ratione, quae docet et explanat, quid faciendum, quid fugiendum sit. Ita fit, ut ratio praesit, appetitus obtemperet,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 101:

homo, quod rationis est particeps, per quam consequentia cernit, causas rerum videt earumque progressus et quasi antecessiones non ignorat, similitudines comparat rebusque praesentibus adjungit atque annectit futuras, facile totius vitae cursum videt ad eamque degendam praeparat res necessarias. Eademque natura vi rationis hominem concilia homini et ad orationis et ad vitae societatem, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 4, 11 sq.:

haud scio, an melius fuerit, humano generi motum istum celerem cogitationis, acumen, sollertiam, quam rationem vocamus, non dari omnino quam tam munifice et tam large dari, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 27, 69:

lex est ratio summa, insita in natura, quae jubet ea, quae facienda sunt, prohibetque contraria. Eadem ratio, cum est in hominis mente confirmata et confecta, lex est,

id. Leg. 1, 6, 18:

ut, quos ratio non posset, eos ad officium religio duceret,

id. N. D. 1, 42, 118:

mens et ratio et consilium in senibus est,

id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. Liv. 28, 28:

si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit, si ratio, consilium, prudentia, Pompeius antistat,

Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28; cf. id. Quint. 16, 53; and:

si ratio et prudentia curas aufert,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 25:

quibus in rebus temeritas et casus, non ratio nec consilium valet,

Cic. Div. 2, 41, 85; cf.:

illa de urbis situ revoces ad rationem quae a Romulo casu aut necessitate facta sunt,

id. Rep. 2, 11, 22; and:

moneo ut agentem te ratio ducat, non fortuna,

Liv. 22, 39 fin.: mulier abundat audacia;

consilio et ratione deficitur,

Cic. Clu. 65, 184:

Ariovistum magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse. Cui rationi contra homines barbaros locus fuisset, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40: arma amens capio;

nec sat rationis in armis,

Verg. A. 2, 314:

rationis egens,

id. ib. 8, 299 et saep.:

iracundia dissidens a ratione,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

majora quam hominum ratio consequi possit,

id. ib. 1, 10, 15:

quantum ratione provideri poterat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 16 fin.:

quantumque in ratione esset, exploratum habuit,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 6 init.:

nec majore ratione bellum administrari posse,

Caes. B. C. 7, 21:

minari divisoribus ratio non erat,

it was not reasonable, was contrary to reason, Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 24; so, nulla ratio est, with an objectclause, id. Caecin. 5, 15; so,

too, minime rationis est,

Col. 3, 5, 3; cf. with dat.:

Vitellianus exercitus, cui acquiescere Cremonae ratio fuit,

which, as reason dictated, ought to have rested at Cremona, Tac. H. 3, 22:

quod domi te inclusisti, ratione fecisti,

reasonably, sensibly, judiciously, Cic. Att. 12, [p. 1527] 14, 3.—

The reasonable cause of a thing, a ground, motive, reason:

ratio est causa, quae demonstrat, verum esse id, quod intendimus, brevi subjectione. Rationis confirmatio est ea, quae pluribus argumentis corroborat breviter expositam rationem,

Auct. Her. 2, 18, 28:

quid tandem habuit argumenti aut rationis res, quamobrem, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115; cf.:

nostra confirmare argumentis ac rationibus: deinde contraria refutare,

id. de Or. 2, 19, 80:

noverit orator argumentorum et rationum locos,

id. Or. 14, 44 (v. also argumentum):

si mei consilii causam rationemque cognoverit,

id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 1; cf.:

ad eam sententiam cum reliquis causis haec quoque ratio eos deduxit, quod, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 10 fin.:

quam habet rationem, non quaero aequitatis, sed ipsius improbitatis atque impudentiae?... facti, si non bonam, at aliquam rationem afferre,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, e196; cf.:

deinde nihil rationis affert, quamobrem, etc.,

id. Caecin. 33, 96:

non deest hoc loco copia rationum, quibus docere velitis, humanas esse formas deorum: primum quod, etc.... deinde quod, etc.... tertiam rationem affertis, quod, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 27, 76:

et quidem, cur sic opinetur, rationem subicit,

id. Div. 2, 50, 104:

idcirco minus existimo te nihil nisi summa ratione fecisse,

id. Att. 8, 11, D, §

5: nunc non modo agendi rationem nullam habeo, sed ne cogitandi quidem,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 3:

rationes in ea disputatione a te collectae vetabant me rei publicae penitus diffidere,

id. Fam. 5, 13, 3; cf. id. Ac. 2, 36, 116:

rationibus conquisitis de voluptate et dolore disputandum putant,

id. Fin. 1, 9, 31; cf.:

quod cum disputando rationibusque docuisset,

id. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

his rationibus tam certis tamque illustribus opponuntur ab his, qui contra disputant primum labores, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 3, 4 et saep.:

num parva causa aut prava ratio est?

reason, excuse, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 27.—

In rhet., a showing cause, argument, reasoning in support of a proposition:

ratio est, quae continet causam, quae si sublata sit, nihil in causa controversiae relinquatur, hoc modo: Orestes si accusetur matricidii, nisi hoc dicat, Jure feci, illa enim patrem meum occiderat, non habet defensionem,

Cic. Inv. 1, 13, 18:

ad propositum subjecta ratio, et item in distributis supposita ratio,

id. de Or. 3, 54, 207; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 4; 5, 14, 1; 16; 7, 8, 3.—

Reasonableness, reason, propriety, law, rule, order, conformity, etc.:

in omnibus, quae ratione docentur et via, primum constituendum est, quid quidque sit, etc.,

in a reasonable, regular manner, Cic. Or. 33, 116; cf.:

ut ratione et via procedat oratio,

id. Fin. 1, 9, 29:

modo et ratione aliquid facere (along with recte atque ordine facere),

id. Quint. 7, 28; cf.:

quae res Nec modum habet neque consilium, ratione modoque Tractari non vult,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 266:

nihil est, quod ratione et numero moveri possit sine consilio,

Cic. N. D. 2, 16, 43:

intervallis imparibus, sed tamen pro rata parte ratione distinctis,

divided proportionally by rule, id. Rep. 6, 18, 18; cf.:

ex summis et infimis et mediis interjectis ordinibus ut sonis moderata ratione civitas concinit,

in symmetrical proportion, id. ib. 2, 42, 69:

in quo defuit fortasse ratio, sed tamen vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem,

order, system, id. ib. 2, 33, 57;

5, 5, 7: declinatio si cum ratione fiet,

reasonably, id. Tusc. 4, 6, 13:

ratio et distributio,

a reasonable division, Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1.—

A theory, doctrine, or system based upon reason; science, and (less freq.), subject., knowledge:

erat enim tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25; cf.:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13;

2, 39, 66: si animum contulisti in istam rationem et quasi artem,

id. ib. 1, 23, 37; cf.:

omnes tacito quodam sensu sine ulla arte aut ratione, quae sint in artibus ac rationibus recta ac prava dijudicant,

id. de Or. 3, 50, 195; id. Brut. 74, 258:

continet enim totam hanc quaestionem ea ratio, quae est de natura deorum,

id. Div. 1, 51, 117:

Epicuri ratio, quae plerisque notissima est,

doctrine, system, philosophy, id. Fin. 1, 5, 13; cf.:

Stoicorum ratio disciplinaque,

id. Off. 3, 4, 20:

Cynicorum ratio,

id. ib. 1, 41, 148; so id. Fin. 3, 20, 68: ratio vivendi... ratio civilis et disciplina populorum, the art of living... statesmanship, id. Rep. 3, 3, 4; cf.:

etiamsi cui videbitur illa in optimis studiis et artibus quieta vitae ratio beatior, haec civilis laudabilior est certe et illustrior,

id. ib. 3, 3, 4:

improba navigii ratio tum caeca jacebat,

Lucr. 5, 1004: saltationis ac musicae rationis studiosi, Col. prooem. e3 al.—Subject., knowledge:

si qua (est in me) exercitatio dicendi aut si hujus rei ratio aliqua, ab optimarum artium studiis ac disciplina profecta,

Cic. Arch. 1, 1.—

A view or opinion resting upon reasonable grounds:

mea sic est ratio,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 43; cf.:

inventus est nemo, cujus non haec et sententia esset et oratio, non esse metuendum, etc.... Haec cum omnes sentirent et cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu ac dolore loqueretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 68 sq.; and with this cf. id. Att. 1, 11, 1:

cujus ratio etsi non valuit,

Nep. Milt. 3, 6 (just before: hujus cum sententiam plurimi essent secuti).—

In philos. lang., a production of proof, argumentation, reasoning: (Epicurus) tollit definitiones; nihil de dividendo ac partiendo docet;

non, quo modo efficiatur concludaturque ratio, tradit,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22; cf. id. Div. 2, 10, 25; id. de Or. 2, 38, 158:

ratio ipsa coget, et ex aeternitate quaedam esse vera et ea non esse nexa causis aeternis, etc.,

id. Fat. 16, 38; cf.:

ergo, ubi tyrannus est, ibi non vitiosam ut heri dicebam, sed, ut nunc ratio cogit, dicendum est, plane nullam esse rem publicam,

id. Rep. 3, 31, 43.

rē̆-frīgesco, frixi, 3, v. inch. n., to grow cold or cool (class.; most freq. in the trop. sense, and in Cic.).

Lit.:

ubi id vinum refrixerit, in dolium refundito,

Cato, R. R. 105:

cor vulnere laesum refrixit,

Ov. M. 12, 422:

ager,

Col. 2, 15, 2:

plaga per auras,

Lucr. 4, 703:

sanguis vel calescit vel refrigescit,

Cels. 4, 3. —

Trop., to grow cold or remiss; to abate, grow stale, lose interest; to fail, flag in strength or zeal:

illud crimen de nummis caluit re recenti, nunc in causā refrixit,

Cic. Planc. 23, 55:

calor ille cogitationis, qui scribendi morā refrixit, recepit ex integro vires,

Quint. 10, 3, 6:

belli apparatus refrigescent,

Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30:

res,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 25 Ruhnk.; cf.:

res interpellata bello,

Cic. Att. 1, 19, 4:

hasta Caesaris,

to go on coldly, to flag, id. Fam. 9, 10, 3 Manut.;

15, 17, 2: oratio,

Quint. 4, 3, 2; cf.:

imagines mora stili,

id. 10, 7, 14:

sortes plane,

i. e. have gone quite out of use, Cic. Div. 2, 41, 87:

quod de Pompeio Caninius agit, sane quam refrixit,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 5:

cum Romae a judiciis forum refrixerit,

has a cessation from judicial business, id. Att. 1, 1, 2: Domitius cum Messalā certus esse videbatur;

Scaurus refrixerat,

had given up, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 3; cf.

Memmius,

id. Att. 4, 18, 3:

charitas multorum,

Vulg. Matt. 24, 12.

sălum, i, n. ( masc. collat. form, corresp. to the Gr. acc., undantem salum, Enn. ap. Non. 223, 24, or Trag. v. 226 Vahl.), = salos, the open sea, the high sea, the main, the deep; opp. to the sea near the coast or in a port (occurring only in sing., and mostly in the acc. and abl.).

Lit. (rare but class.), Cic. Caecin. 30, 88:

in salum nave evectus,

Liv. 29, 14:

paucas (naves) ante portum in salo habiturum,

id. 37, 10:

pars (classis) in salo ad ostium portūs in ancoris stetit,

id. 37, 13 (cf. the Gr. en salhô stênai, to lie at anchor in the open sea); so,

in salo stare,

id. 37, 16; 44, 12:

procul ab insulā in salo navem tenere ancoris,

Nep. Them. 8.—

Transf.

In gen., the sea ( poet.):

rapidum salum tulistis truculentaque pelagi,

Cat. 63, 16; Prop. 1, 6, 2; 1, 15, 12; 3, 7 (4, 6), 40; Verg. A. 1, 537; 2, 209; Hor. Epod. 17, 55; Ov. Am. 2, 11, 24 al.:

rubrum,

Prop. 3, 13 (4, 12), 6.—

Like salos, sea-sickness:

tirones salo nauseāque confecti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 28.—

The stream, current of a river:

(amnis) saevit majore salo,

Stat. Th. 10, 867.—

The color of the sea, Mart. Cap. 1, §§ 16 and 17.—

Trop., a sea of thought, agitation, trouble, etc.:

tam aerumnoso navigare salo, Cic. poët. Tusc. 3, 28, 67: cum in isto cogitationis salo fluctuarem,

App. M. 4 init.:

mentis (with dissensio cogitationum),

id. ib. 9, p. 225, 30.

verbĕrātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a striking, beating.

Lit.:

flagellorum castigatio, vinculorum verberatio,

Dig. 48, 19, 7; 47, 10, 5, § 1.—

Trop., chastisement, punishment: mirificam mi verberationem cessationis epistulā dedisti, i. e. satisfaction, amends (with reference to an expression previously used: verberavi te cogitationis tacito convicio), Q. Cic. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 27, 1 Orell. N. cr.; cf. id. ib. 16, 26, 1.

verbĕro, āvi, ātum, 1 (old form verberit for verberarit, Fest. p. 230, 15 e leg. Serv. ad Tull.; inf. verberarier, Plaut. As. 2, 3, 7; id. Most. 3, 1, 92), v. a. [verber], to lash, scourge, whip, flog, beat, drub (class.; syn.: ferio, pulso).

Lit.: So. Sum obtusus pugnis pessume. Am. Quis te verberavit? Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 60:

pulsare verberareque homines,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142; so (with pulsare) id. ib. 2, 3, 26, §

66: civem Romanum,

id. Rep. 2, 31, 54:

matrem,

id. Vatin. 5, 11; cf.:

parentem, servum injuriā,

id. Fin. 4, 27, 76:

oculos virgis,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112:

laterum costas ense,

Ov. M. 4, 727; Mart. 7, 94, 6; Dig. 47, 10, 5 proöem.— Absol.:

quo firme verberaturi insisterent,

Suet. Calig. 26:

caudā verberando excutere cibum,

Plin. 32, 2, 5, § 12. —Prov.:

noli verberare lapidem, ne perdas manum,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 41.—

Transf., of inanimate things, to beat, strike, lash, knock, etc.:

locum coaequato et paviculis verberato,

Cato, R. R. 91:

tormentis Mutinam verberavit,

Cic. Phil. 8, 7, 20:

aquila aethera verberat alis,

Verg. A. 11, 756:

verberat ictibus auras,

id. ib. 5, 377:

fundā amnem,

id. G. 1, 141; cf.:

sidera (unda),

id. A. 3, 423:

agros nive (Juppiter),

Stat. Th. 5, 390:

undas (Aufidus),

to lash, Luc. 2, 407; cf.:

navem (Auster),

Hor. Epod. 10, 3:

puppim (Eurus),

Val. Fl. 1, 639.—In a comic pun, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 177.—

Trop., to lash, chastise, plague, torment, harass with words:

aliquem verbis,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 17:

ne me ut surdo verbera aures,

id. Mil. 4, 1, 204:

senatus convicio verberari,

Cic. Pis. 26, 63; cf.:

verberavi te cogitationis tacito duntaxat convicio,

id. Fam. 16, 26, 1:

orator in dicendo exercitatus hac ipsā exercitatione istos verberabit,

id. de Or. 3, 21, 79:

aures sermonibus,

Tac. Agr. 41; Petr. 132.

verbĕro, ōnis, m. [1. verbero], one worthy of stripes, a scoundrel, rascal:

ain' tu vero verbero?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 128; Cic. Att. 14, 6, 1; Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 187; id. Ps. 4, 7, 63; id. As. 2, 4, 10; 2, 4, 78; 3, 3, 79; id. Capt. 3, 4, 19 al.; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 3; 5, 6, 10.